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الملتقى العام لكل القضايا المتفرقة وسائر الموضوعات التي لا تندرج تحت أي من التصنيفات الموجودة |
مشاهدة نتائج الإستطلاع: ما رئيك في هذا الموضوع | |||
حلو |
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4 | 100.00% |
يعني مش حلو كثير |
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0 | 0% |
ما عجبني |
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0 | 0% |
مالو لزمه |
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0 | 0% |
إستطلاع متعدد الإختيارات. المصوتون: 4. أنت لم تصوت في هذا الإستطلاع |
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أدوات الموضوع |
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#31 |
( عضو دائم ولديه حصانه )
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Museum of American History,
Washington, D.C. During World War II, Skinner (1942) trained pigeons to navigate bombs from aircraft so they would hit their targets more accura ![]() Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia B. F. Skinner (1959). Cumulative Record. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts |
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#32 |
( عضو دائم ولديه حصانه )
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Burrhus Frederic (B.F.) Skinner
• He took a position at the University of Minnesota where he wrote The Behaviour of Organisms and began his novel Walden II, about a commune where behaviourist principles created a new kind of utopia. • A later work generated considerable controversy, Beyond Freedom and Dignity (1971). • In the book, Skinner argued that concepts of freedom and dignity may lead to self-destruction. • As professor of psychology at Indiana University, Bloomington (1945-48), Skinner gained some notoriety through his invention of the Air-Crib, a large, soundproof, germ-free, air-conditioned box designed to serve as a mechanical baby tender. |
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#33 |
( عضو دائم ولديه حصانه )
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Operant ConditioningBehaviour Shaping
• By reinforcing responses that increasingly resemble a desired end behaviour in a step by step manner, complex behaviours can be built up from simple units. • Using experimental equipment that he devised, Skinner trained laboratory animals to perform complex and sometimes quite exceptional actions. • A striking example was his pigeons that learned to play table tennis. |
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#34 |
( عضو دائم ولديه حصانه )
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Operant Conditioning Consequences
• Positive reinforcement increases the likelihood of a response by providing pleasant consequences (e.g. food). • Negative reinforcement increases the likelihood of a response that removes or provides escape from unpleasant consequences (e.g. stopping an electric shock). • Punishment decreases the likelihood of a response being repeated if it is followed by inescapable consequences e.g. an electric shock. • Secondary reinforcers (e.g. money, tokens or parents) are those that are associated with naturally occurring primary reinforcers (e.g. food, water, warmth etc.) Can anyone give me examples of positive reinforcement? |
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#35 |
( عضو دائم ولديه حصانه )
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Operant ConditioningSchedules of reinforcement
• Continuous schedules reinforce every response made. • Partial schedules reinforce responses in varying frequencies to affect response and extinction rates. • Extinction- if the response is not reinforced, it will gradually die out. • Skinner found that animals would also make responses that resembled the originally reinforced response. |
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#36 |
( عضو دائم ولديه حصانه )
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I have given you some information about LEARNING, and I will continue it next Monday with learning part 2.....do you have any questions I hope that you found it useful and I am looking forward to see your comments Thank you for your time Best wishes Hibba |
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#38 |
( عضو دائم ولديه حصانه )
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I have made an effort to do my best for everyone but nobody was interested, so I won’t put anything anymore.
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الذين يشاهدون محتوى الموضوع الآن : 2 ( الأعضاء 0 والزوار 2) | |
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